Doubt in verbal class

How greg knows that he has to pick the “data only” words from the sentence?
I’m curious to know on what basis greg picks the words/clue? is it like we’re supposed to pick only the verbs or adjective?

Please help me, this part confuses me alot!

A large part of solving TC questions is often finding a contrast between two clauses in a sentence.

The main idea of the first clause is that “Because they didn’t expect much data, scientists were ___ about a lot of information it sent back.” They would surprised or shocked if they got a lot of data if they did not expect it before. Thus, (D) “elated by” is the correct answer.

The words/clues depend. When using previously referenced, often words like “it” or “this” can be useful. In this case, “only” vs. “wealth of” were contrasted. However, that is not always the case. There is no “one size fits all” approach. It is essential to be flexible. Take a step back for a moment and see if you see two contrasting parts (whether it be verbs, adjectives, or nouns).

Another example could be: “Because the old spacecraft had broken down many times, the astronauts were happy when NASA bought them a ___ one”. In this case, “old” contrasts with the blank, so you would look for an answer containing “new” in it.

Be flexible. Practice will help you see the patterns.