Test 25 Section 5 #2

The results of the experiments performed by
Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown were —not
only because these results challenged old
assumptions but also because they called the
–methodology into question.
(A) provocative … prevailing
(B) predictable … contemporary
(C) inconclusive … traditional
(D) intriguing … projected
(E) specious … original

For this question I get that the second idea should be old. But if A is the answer doesnt prevailing mean new? At first I guessed current for the second blank but that doesnt fit with the logic given that not only but also is a support with the idea of challenged.
Also is E wrong because there is no proof for the idea of specious?