I kind of stuck at this question, wouldn’t option (c), (d) and (e) also fulfil the maths problem ie they introduce something to protect against something bad?
- Option (C) “arguments…introduction” suggests that arguments were made against the introduction of popular sovereignty. However, this doesn’t quite fit because the sentence implies that some measures were already implemented, not just argued about.
- Option (D) “provisions…advantages” suggests that provisions were made against the advantages of popular sovereignty. This could make sense if the provisions were meant to counteract the perceived benefits of popular sovereignty. However, the term “advantages” doesn’t necessarily imply something negative that needs to be protected against.
- Option (E) “laws…creation” suggests that laws were made against the creation of popular sovereignty. This could also make sense if the laws were designed to prevent the establishment of popular sovereignty. However, the term “creation” doesn’t necessarily imply something negative that needs to be protected against.
In contrast, option (B) “safeguards…excesses” clearly indicates that safeguards were put in place to protect against the potential excesses (negative outcomes) of popular sovereignty. This fits well with the context of the sentence.