Grammar question

I’m watching dedicated grammar videos, and I’m not sure whether some of them can be adjective or noun because they were not mentioned as an option in the class. I just want to make sure they are okay functionally or not.

  1. before they could be gracefully ‘verb’. Greg said it’s verb, but can’t it be adjective as well? because gracefully can modify adjective as well.

  2. For the first blank, can’t it be noun as ‘complement’? Greg didn’t mention noun here.

  3. For the second blank, I get it can be gerund, but can’t it be adjective to modify the myths when we don’t consider the answer choices?

  4. Can’t ‘noun’ be located on the blank?

Yeah, it can be used as adjective, for example, It is was a gracefully smooth transition.
Here, it is, however, definitely a verb because could be gracefully executed is a passive construction.

No, It can’t be a noun, at least in this context, because you are describing a noun, which is the subject in this sentence, the results

No it can’t be an adjective in this context because it is describing a noun, so it does work as more of a noun than of an adjective.

Let’s parse it,
(Pop Culture) → Noun
(as a key for deciphering the myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society) → Preposition Phrase

Inside this preposition phrase,
as a key → A preposition phrase
for deciphering the myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society → (Again, this is also a preposition phrase)
Interestingly again, of contemporary society - This is also a preposition phrase

Typically, the structure of a preposition phrase is something like this:

(Preposition Phrase) = (Preposition) (Noun Phrase)